Does Tequila Cause Headaches

book The world is urban

Article provided
by Maestro. Enrique Jimenez Oliva. Original
:

POZZI MICHAEL New York, 05/04/2010

The rise of small towns mark the decline of the rural population
The urbanizing rural areas. And most of the growth in urban areas will focus over the next few years in small towns, both in population and extension. When this year ends, 1,200 million people already living in cities of 100,000 inhabitants, equivalent to a third of the world's urban population. And there are 600 million urban centers make it up to half a million.

The biggest change will occur in Asia over the next 40 years. The transformation in Africa will not be until 2040 by declining fertility

words, almost half the world's urban population (52%) live in concentrations less than half a million inhabitants. And the United Nations that handles projection is that in the next five years will add 500 million to a total of 2,300 million. An increase equivalent to small cities will absorb 45% of the increase to be recorded in the urban population by 2015.

Hania Zlotnik, director of the Population Division of the UN, speaks of the "transformation" experienced small rural schools as if they were thrown into a race to become cities. And that, he says, is one of the factors behind the world's population "will be urban" by the end 2010, when cities make use of 3,500 million human beings who live in urban centers, ie 50.5% of global population. And in 2050 is 69%.

This growth indicates Zlotnik, is at the expense of rural areas. "When the world is urbanizing rural population continues to grow." Decline in Europe began in the fifties. Today, the continent has 199 million people in rural areas, a number that was halved in 2050. It expect also falls, though modest, in the U.S. and Canada, countries that are already highly urbanized. And also in Latin America.

But, as Zlotnik, the big news coming from Asia, especially China. The decline of the rural population will be important in the next 40 years in the region will decline from 2,400 million this year to 1,800 million. 42% of Asia's population lives in cities. In 40 years will be 65%. Still be below 85% of the West.

The transformation is impressive. In the eighties had fifty cities more than half a million inhabitants. Since then, China has urbanized with extraordinary rapidity of economic change. To the extent that it now has 134 new cities, which will add another hundred in 2025.

Africa is the exception. At the moment, because the UN anticipates that the decline in rural areas will come later, in 2040. There will be only because of urbanization, but a drop in the fertility rate. Thus it is expected that urban settlements pass current 40% to 62%. All in all, Zlotnik team projected that the world rural population will start to fall in 2020, 3,400 million to 2,900 million in 2050.

The UN confirms that the bulk of the transformation of rural to urban areas will come through smaller concentrations in the less developed countries. By 2050 Asia will be the world region that concentrate more people in cities from 1,800 million in 2010 to 3,400 million. And Africa, which ranks fourth behind Europe and Latin America, moved into second place with 1,200 million.

Despite the disparities, the trend is clear. Last year, 140 of the 230 countries or regions within the world and had more than half of its population living in urban areas. In the next four decades, anticipates Zlotnik, will be joined by 66. That is, only 24 are rural and will be in Africa, Asia and Oceania. And countries in Europe, Latin America and North America will be predominantly urban by then. Large cities

also grow. Currently there are 54 cities with more than five million people. Cities with more than 10 million people spend 21 to 29 in 2050 and live in them 10% of the urban population.

The "mega hold" will go from 33 to 46. While cities with population between one million and five million people in four decades will be 509, 120 more, and live in them 22% of the urban population.

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The future of cities in the XXI century. Invitation to write


Carmona Gabriela Ochoa. Architect
the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Master in Architectural Design from the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León. Doctoral student in City Planning and Sustainability at the University of Guadalajara. Introduction


The urban population has increased dramatically. It is considered that since May 2008, 50% of the world's population is urban. Particularly called my attention that in Mexico there are states like Nuevo Leon, where 94% of the population lives in cities.

Technological advances and especially in the medical field, have contributed to that since 1800 the population has increased considerably. Viviescas Fernando explains, regarding the acceleration of population growth, the following:
"two thousand years ago the human population was 250 million, by 1600 the figure had already reached 500 million human beings between 1800 and 1850, thousand million, but by 1930 this figure had doubled, meaning that in thirty years and grew another billion spent only fourteen years to reach four billion human beings, 1974. "

In modern times, changes in cities are manifested very quickly, technological advances have contributed significantly" And if citizens are the creators of it, sometimes only as mere observers figured generated transformation.

Noting the city.
In our country, participation is almost nil. We are all so immersed in our own business, trying to survive, everything is going so fast, there is no time to criticize, challenge, or simply participate in each of the decisions made on our cities. Decisions made by institutions, by anonymous people, who often are out of reality, so that as people, we just try to adapt quickly to such changes.

see or hear in the media, sometimes without understanding, "that public institutions are declaring and classifying our cities, this city is now the city of knowledge, the other will be or is the main tourist city, it will be the capital of culture, to name a few adjectives. And so, by decree, they become something they were not, that the qualifications or specialist, not realizing that issues the qualification of the social, environmental, infrastructure social and physical required to comply with such a role assigned.

The common citizen only sees the appearance of new buildings-architecture-shooting, in a short time to change the city's image, notes the construction of transnational chain stores taking over vast lands and leave no choice but to live outside them, upon leaving the house or wake up every morning, meet with the magnificent view of the huge warehouses and service areas these stores because they become the protagonists of the city. Such property

appropriate the main avenues without asking permission, architecture that is approved by corporate counsel not know the location, culture, people, the city. Staff does not take into account functionality, relationship to the environment or aesthetics, as their primary concern is and will always make the brand identity.

Naomi Klein (2002) in his book No Logo tells us how the rise of neo-liberal market economies has led to changes that affect the formation of the city. It shows how trademarks have taken the contemporary landscape, introducing a dictatorship of the image, understandable from the more recent history, where the increased value of the non-material companies, ie your logo, your brand image and as corporations, the value of real assets, ie infrastructure, personnel or technology, has moved away considerably, making the intangible assets are more valuable than tangible.

The urban dweller only realize that their city is different, that is changing in size to grow and may have heard the word urban area or metropolitan, definitions that do not know what they mean, but he knows what it is to these words . Conurbation known about when the tours are getting longer, when the services are not sufficient, or if, when excluded from certain neighborhoods and can only see their roofs and guardhouse.

What will happen to the city when the metropolitan world to another and another and another world? When the huge megacities form, "will realize that belongs to them or just try to survive in them?

it be better to isolate the strategy in our small urban space in which we live? Will the future cities long stretches of isolated entities? Will you be taking into account the creation of small but livable urban centers, or do we just replace these centers of socialization and community shopping centers?. Cities

postmodernity
will be difficult in the new century cities have their own identity. The ancient cities and historical sites which generally represents who we are and who we are, will remain as museums will be happy to visit for at least live, if only for a few moments, the lifestyle of our ancestors, that past where you could walk by places where one could see slowly the aesthetics of architecture and could feel the closeness of the neighbor. Where there were no boundaries, everything went more slowly, it was essential to have a car for every family member and the time was not spent on transportation, but in coexistence, in living. In this regard, Narvaez (2001) in an analysis performed on the center of the city of Monterrey explains how the occupation has been declining housing:
"The density of housing occupation has changed markedly over time ... .. in 1990 while residing in the first frame of the city about 50 inhabitants per hectare in 1995 lived about 35 people per hectare .... "

We can also see a major technical problem in major cities and the lack of dialogue between people , planners and governments. Both Dr. Ignacio Kunz as Prof.. Lorena Zarate agree that there of this enormous emptiness, which is reflected in the city through the inequality of society. That is, the exclusion / segregation of the main actors of this reality.

In Latin American cities the poor are poorer and the rich are richer. Currently about 1 200 million people live on less than a dollar a day, that is, a sixth of the world's population lives in absolute poverty. The people fighting for different ways to organize and to combat the problems faced every day, making it through NGOs, cooperatives, urban observatories, social movements, among other agents, so achieve well-being seeking to reach a city.

The State, in turn, creates various programs to help fight poverty, but has found that in most cases, these programs emphasize the problem rather than solve it. The beneficiaries of these projects are again of the rich because they have greater access to them either for knowledge, mobility or approach to the sponsor. The institutions represented by developers and planners, have only superb solutions, completely away from reality and approaches based mainly on the commercialism of the territory, without conscience and, often, with no responsibility.

The paradox of communication alone.
The citizens try to understand how to live within this increasingly complex. Full complexity of material, concrete, asphalt, glass, steel, full of people: women, men, children, elders, full of atmosphere: trees, parks, animals, water, pollution, trash and also full of technology: cars, Subway, phones, TV or internet. Without realizing it we are in the era of communications and high technology era, we are living in an age which is reported to be fundamental, so necessary at times it is impossible to disconnect either the internet, television or mobile.

each passing day the number of cell phone users and more mobile. We note that in 2008, in states such as Baja California Sur, Mexico City or Querétaro, among others, has exceeded the number of users per 100 inhabitants, ie people sometimes have more than one active cell in your name .

In an article published on August 19, 2009 in an editorial in The Economist on mobile telephony in Mexico, states that by June 2010 will reach to 743 mobile phones per 1,000 inhabitants, and that according to information indicator of the Information Society (ISI) developed by the consultant Everis in Latin America, the total mobile phones in the region will reach the 815 computers per 1,000 people.

"This level, he adds, is 12.4% higher than in June 2008 and more than twice as many as there were in the same month of 2005. Services in Information Technology and Communications (ICT) Internet domains in Mexico grew 18% to reach seven per 1,000 population. He adds that during the last quarter in Mexico there was an expansion of the number of computers with an increase of 13.9% and even lower than that of other countries arrives to 200 units per 1,000 people. "

Virtualization.
is clear how the man has been virtualized. The virtual world is more real than we could imagine, every day there are more institutions offering bachelor's, master's and doctoral distance learning centers where the teacher is no longer necessary and has been replaced by software that interacts with the individual student through his computer. Children who are completely disconnected from the real world and can spend hours playing or competing in the other world that offer video games, television or the internet. Young or adult network immersed in leading a second life in portals to alternate worlds such as Second Life offers site (http / /: www.secondlife.com) or perhaps, companies that offer their services without personal contact.

Everything is available on the network; goods and services of all kinds can be bought or sold on this new virtual world. The man's increasingly need to interact with another human being. Even you can see how every day more people work from home, without having to travel elsewhere to do their jobs, because their services can be delivered from your laptop and in the comfort of your home.

Pierre Levy, Paul Virilio, Michel Serres, among others, relate to the fact that the virtual has permeated contemporary life to be a new space of existence that would oppose not real, but the present, creating a world power would have an undeniable influence on the material world and transform it well, as human beings were in existence at that level of reality. Paul Virilio

assumed that this is the beginning of an implosion of the real space, which would present as a loss of meaning of reality, a trivialization of the reality experience as a care get rid of things, with the waste continuing environmental environment, with buildings of a shorter growing obsolescence.

Levy supposed "Virtuality establishing a new relationship between the use of the coordinates of space and time, overcomes the spatial and configure an environment in which information and communication accessible show hitherto unknown perspectives at least in terms of volume and potential. Virtual reality allows the generation of interactive environments to separate the need to share the space-time, in this case providing new contexts of exchange and communication. "

citizen of the metropolis seeks in the virtual world that technology offers, as well as seeking to reach a city seeks to identify, support and solidarity of a community.

Zygmunt Bauman (2003) broadly describes what the word community: (...) First, the community is a "warm, cozy and comfortable place (...) inside a community, we can relax, we insurance, there is no danger ... "

virtual communities that until now are people who have interests, habits, thoughts, likes, problems, diseases, and / or passions in common, individuals they identify with a group of people from all over the world. The venue is the network, virtual space that is available at all times, where communication is open and sometimes only the limited language. Have even been cases where important relationships between people are formed or broken by information that exists in the network itself.

David Birchall and Laurence Lyoons in one of his "Creating Tomorrow's organization" (1995) described these virtual communities as a web of relationships, the imagined as a set of firms, specialized units or individuals and is coordinated by the market that occurs in the network or by membership to an organization.

mention also that the network can observe two basic components: the technological infrastructure and the social aspect. The first allows the transfer of information and the second, the way people interact and the way in it.

Conclusion
The appropriation of technology as a new model of life, urban models unconcerned about the identity, sustainability and aesthetics and the environment, have caused citizens to adopt or invent new ways life, new ways of using these sites or spaces, trying to adapt as quickly as possible to the dramatic changes in contemporary urban experience.

is true, the virtual world is a new world and easily. The areas of interaction between people are changing public spaces such as plazas, markets, cinema, which were the usual places of assembly are being replaced by private spaces which can be accessed through the internet. The dwellings are changing, filled with technology: video games, computers or television. Public spaces are changing cities, changing to this new view of life.

The architecture is standardized, the houses are made by thousands and without personality. It sets back the design for the economy and speed. Are common on most medium-sized cities, the emergence of colonies or closed residential spaces, where the privileged social class does isolated from the outside. There is no need to leave the urban area because it has everything you need about: schools, shopping centers, services, labor, golf clubs, sports and recreation, and fails to distinguish the geographical and temporal context that seeks to perform this work, the emergence of an increasingly stressed polarization of the population of large cities.

What effect will the extension of these new technologies and practices in future developments? What in the individual and society?


Images: 1.2 and 3, free circulation on the Internet. From 4 onwards authoring students of the Faculty of Architecture Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana.

Bibliography. Bauman, Zygmunt (2003) Work, consumerism and the new poor. Gedisa, Barcelona.
Bauman, Zygmunt, (2003). Community. In search of security in a hostile world. Madrid. Siglo XXI Ed.
BECK, Ulrich, et alt. (1999) A brave new world. Cambridge, Polity Press.
BIRCHALL, David and Lawrence Lyons, (1995). Creating Tomorrow's Organization, London, Pitman Publishing.
Cassirer, Ernst (1951). The Science of Culture. Mexico, FCE.
HALL, Peter (1998). Cities in Civilization, New York.
KLEIN, Naomi (2002) No logo. Cambridge, Polity Press. KUNZ
Ignacio. Conference "New Paradigms of Urban Planning" / Faculty of Architecture / UNAM. Given at the International Week of Urbanism and Environment. Sium. Center of Arts, Architecture and Design. University of Guadalajara. Sep, 2009.
LÉVY, Pierre, (1995). What is virtual? Barcelona. Paidós Ed.
NARVAEZ, Adolfo B. (2001). "The Constitution in Monterrey Condominiums History of Two Cities "in" House of America "architecture and sustainable development." Ed University of Camagüey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Monterrey, NL Mexico.
RIFKIN, Jeremy (1994) The End of Work. New technologies to jobs: the birth of a new era. Foreword by Heilbroner, Robert. Mexico, Polity Press.
SASSEN, Saskia (1991). The Global City, New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, Princeton University Press. VIVIEZCAS
Fernando. Popular Housing Specialist, Institute for Housing Studies, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Conference "The contemporary metropolis scenario" given Guadalajara, Jal. University of Guadalajara. Sep. 2009.
ZARATE, Lorena. Conference "Social Management of Land and Housing Regional Office Coordinator for the Coalition of Habitat for Latin America. Given at the International Week of Urbanism and Environment. Sium. Center of Arts, Architecture and Design. University of Guadalajara. Sep, 2009.

Gsd Bag Legs Are Weak

RUA 4


To commemorate the anniversary of Independence and the Revolution, they are invited to participate closely with essays and reflections on architecture and planning related to national life, in order to integrate the new content Revista RUA, organization to promote the School of Architecture at the Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa, in its fourth issue.

I remember that previous issues of RUA and some other publishing products in the same house studies are on sale in the Administrative Area of \u200b\u200bthe faculty.

Because the written word is a modest but steady transmission of knowledge, we reiterate the importance of their participation.

Jesse Jane Free Scenes

April 22, Earth Day


Daniel R. Capitanachi Martí.

Before all cities and any civilization, the planet deserves our greatest respect and consideration. Overwhelmed in the XXI Century climate change created by humans in the recent past, the Earth seems to manifest itself with a series of catastrophic events impostergarble feel the need to vary the pattern of development and how to use natural resources.

The proclaimed right to clean environment seems necessary to elaborate on its meaning for now need to become a right for habitat conservation. Implies a change of consciousness and greater consistency between words and deeds.

The sustainability of development, one that invokes the current use of resources without compromising their enjoyment for future generations, is becoming more and more important. It is the task collective construction and is not constrained to a day of celebration, but to do everyday of individuals, families, societies and humanity.

As the slogan: Let's take a break planet!

Oxycodone Klonopin Mix

Preservation of buildings of high architectural value.


Diego Torres Arturo Hoyos.
Faculty of Architecture, Campus Poza Rica.
Universidad Veracruzana.

Therefore, when we build, we think we build forever ... Let's do this so our descendants can thank us, and think, while we put stone upon stone, that one day they will say ... while contemplate our deeds, "Look, this is what our parents did for us!"
John Ruskin, 1849

INTRODUCTION.
The objective of this proposal is to underpin the conservation strategy to preserve the cultural heritage, the commitment must have a joint responsibility in all levels of government inherent in the fact that concerns us. The above position is derived from the obligation to maintain the historical memory inscribed in tangible and intangible heritage assets reflect historical and social in the formation of cities and the behavior of its inhabitants. The work is located primarily tangible cultural heritage property, therefore, it is necessary, in principle, conceptually frame the issues relating to heritage and community heritage to the descendants of a city and the body of knowledge and ways of thinking that shape the culture of a place or region.

subsequently manifests itself in a structured way the origin of the specificity of cultural heritage within the tangible aspect and direction of real estate, and it raises the importance of meaningful image as an icon representative of a site based on the spiritual values \u200b\u200band intangibles such as built heritage and its influence within the city and between their society generating a cultural landscape which provides identity and pride. After the foundation, the proposal focuses on the aspect of documentation showing the description of the indicators used by specialized agencies in the hierarchical classification of points of heritage value of buildings and are enrolled in technical listings indicative of inventory of tangible property. Then

notes the importance of knowing and applying the precepts that make up the law on protection of assets to wield the authority and citizen participation and economic and legal instrument to preserve the state of the building and if the improvement the property listed. As a final point, the proposed approach is embodied in a case study set in the urban enclave of Poza Rica, Veracruz, a city that despite its recently formed a 58-year old building presents feasible to classify because of their importance historical, social, urban, architectural and legal.

conceptualization.
Preservation as action to protect and preserve in advance a good chance or deliberate damage is diligence that keeps the fitness value of the assets of significant architectural and cultural heritage are part of tangible property. Over time, the Humanity has had an urgent need for new generations inherit their physical and spiritual spaces, values \u200b\u200band attitudes, knowledge and meanings and ways to organize and communicate, essential elements that give rise to the culture of the people, when the inhabitant identifies with them comes a state of social belonging natural product and unfathomable act of memorizing every inch to recognize their areas and customs.

Here are two radically different concepts on the subject, in this regard, Roth (1993, p. 142) expresses citing a quote from Ruskin when it defends the English Medieval Architecture, "Once again, the question of whether we or failure to keep buildings of the past is not a question of coexistence or of feeling. We have no right to touch. They are ours, they belong in part to those who built them, and also to future generations that will follow us. " Instead Viollet-Le-Duc says "return to the state building may have had" or "a state that never have."

physical objects in addition to its load reveal a spiritual weight material product of the identity of the community and excel in any real order are elements that have reached the stratum inherited culture. The original intention heritage and sets the property inherited by the child, from their parents and grandparents. Today, the meaning is constituted within the scope of public and private as the transmission of heredity, the transfer of the natural heritage by human activities to the descendants and identity that have generated tangible objects and intangible meaning.

Likewise, the culture outside the humanistic concept that places it in scholarship and scientific positions within the high or low cultural level, prominently refers to the way of being and living in social groups, Decolaris (2002, p. 1) in this regard, expresses "Culture is the way to live in a society based on the elements shared by its members and transmit their descendants through the common traditions of the cultural and social heritage. Culture is the teaching of cultural patterns from generation to generation according to the status that touches occupy each of the individuals. Culture is also changing as received and the projection into the future aspirations of the social group. "

A component that is part of the heritage and culture is pairing with respect to the symbols and signs, these elements are part of different communities along its cultural subset. Sauusure Ferdinand (1857-1913) Swiss linguist, a pioneer of semiotics, expresses "a science that studies signs of social life." A culture is better understood among its members by the use of symbols, in fact, language is a product of that activity, the final result is communication. The importance of a cultural object could not be spread without the help of a communist movement thus generating transcription made by writing to preserve the historical development of documentary material or immaterial object and therefore support its conservation.

Therefore, the tangible and intangible cultural object that transcends time and is fixed in memory of residents of a place is bound together by the characteristics of the heritage and culture resulting from this unit resulting information and is necessary to preserve mandatory for the authorities of different levels of government. The Organization of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) provides as a definition of cultural heritage to "all movable and immovable, tangible or intangible, owned by individuals or institutions or bodies, or semi-public have outstanding value from the point of view of history, art, science and culture and therefore worthy of being considered and preserved for the nation. "

TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDING .
regard to the objective at hand of this work, you must specify within the overall cultural heritage, the type known as tangible property. As a first instance, the tangible heritage refers to "the whole movable and immovable property, literary and artistic, natural and urban spaces, as well as the elements that make up as objects, architectural structures, flora, fauna and natural formations in different times: paleontological, archaeological, artistic and historical. " This assertion is an order entered in the State Property Act of the State of Veracruz, Chapter 1, Article 5, paragraph XII. And adding the term property.

This type of heritage is constituted, as defined by Mac Gregor (2007, p. 8) "places, sites, buildings, engineering works, industrial, architectural, typical sites and monuments of interest or relevant value from the point of architectural, archaeological, historical, artistic or scientific, recognized and registered as such. Immovable cultural property are human works or productions that can not be moved from one place to another, either because they are structures (eg a building), or because they are inseparable relationship with the land (eg, an archaeological site) ". Within the heritage

tangible cultural property is built or architectural heritage shaped both monumental buildings and buildings representative as simple and modest link with the distinctive identity based on its architectural expression to urban areas or cities where they are located resulting in the conception of identity. Also in this context lies vernacular buildings and archaeological sites grouped or individual, therefore, when the building becomes an immaterial force, said that museum has a value and effect of intangible attributes that complement and therefore, what within the field of semiotics, since the building means or is meant by a historical situation, social, scientific, spiritual.

When the special architectural intangible cultural objects transcend their time and activity for which it was created and the value museum acquires a nominal value, under which has been present witnessing the formation and development of cities from their point of location, being in some cases representative symbol of a city built after then, the above condition exist establishing the "cultural landscape" the result of intervention by human beings in the morphology of the site, nature and society acting together, the first estableciendo su jerarquía permitiendo la integración del objeto arquitectónico a ella y lo social, adaptando el elemento natural a su intervención urbano-arquitectónica. Garré (2001, p. 6) manifiesta, “Este patrimonio urbano arquitectónico inserto en el paisaje cultural -en conjunto- pone en evidencia la existencia de una identidad cultural tangible en el medio ambiente que nos rodea. Este paisaje cultural resultante, semejante a un rompecabezas debido al dinamismo cultural producto de varias generaciones y/o culturas, brinda la idea de identidad cultural de una región”.

Actualmente, existe como parte del patrimonio cultural el denominado patrimonio industrial, la razón por la que se relaciona in the present study this discrimination is the mention made in another section of the proposal from the city of Poza Rica, Veracruz, as a case study. In a primary, it shows the tangible property provided a few examples of architectural trends and significant events and, complementarily, refers to industrial concept, under which Poza Rica is a predominantly urban area and its origins are a product of industrial settlement referring to the oil sector, which generated the same facilities and infrastructure built with industrial vocation of architecture.

The industrial built heritage born in the historical period of the Industrial Revolution, by the decrease the craftsmanship comes in the form of process, the manufacture of goods of production, this activity need adequate space to work in series, therefore, are born industrial building incorporating steel as main material in order to save large gaps and building heights provided to house the machinery required, these procedures and building systems are managed by the lightness and slenderness that had the pieces of core material. The industry sector, along his progress has stopped architectural evidence go hand in hand with the historical facts of where we belong and have helped to forge the identity of the site.

Currently, there a number of disused buildings in the cities generating an image problem, occupation of land, under-utilization and environmental pollution. Therefore, institutions such as UNESCO and the Mexican National Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS Mexicano) have been given the task of basing the classification of these assets, document it and then record in the legislation for further preservation . Hidalgo (2005) states "At the same time points as well as Aldo Guzman, this can be divided into tangible assets, such as real property (factories, workshops, mines, camps, etc.) And movable (files, furniture , machinery, tools, etc..) and intangible related to working-class culture (ways of life, customs and traditions, know how, etc.) ".. Specifically, in our country, the Mexican Committee for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage aims undertake initiatives to assess, study, preserve and conserve all property representing the industrialization process in Mexico.

PRESERVATION STRATEGY IN THE LEGAL CONTEXT .
In any investigation, the proposed objectives and strategic level should important analytical to carry a load as the frame and after diagnosis, these are the points clarified and direct the research work towards achieving an acceptable outcome, therefore, requires base under the tutelage of a legal framework, the preservation of buildings of architectural and social value. Normative justification for the conservation of cultural heritage at the federal level through a regulatory process set out in our Constitution of the Republic: Article 73, Section XX and introduces specific protection and restoration of archaeological monuments, real and personal property and historic art and significant aesthetic value relevant in the Federal Law on Monuments and Archaeological Sites, Artistic and Historical: Article 2, 33 °.

Statewide, all states hold specific legislation relating to the heritage aspect of culture, as exemplified by the State of Veracruz in the Cultural Heritage Law: Articles, 4, 5, 26 ° and 27 °, establishes the preservation, restoration and protection of assets of high social and historical value over 50 years and the municipal status, Article 115 of the Constitution mandates to local authorities via the Organic Law of the Free Municipality, Article 50, paragraph III, promote the conservation of buildings and monuments, also, this government action plan within the Municipal Development Plan for and / or the City Attorney Bando drafted for that purpose. In the stratum

International, the first foundation that raises the issue of heritage is the Athens Charter drafted in urban manifest the Fourth International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM) held aboard the ship Patris II in 1933 in Marseille-Athens route -Marseille (the conference had not been held in Moscow by Soviet organizers problems) being published in 1942 by Swiss-born architect Le Corbusier naturalized French (1887-1965). This document advocates a functional separation of places of residence, leisure and work calling into question the character and density of the traditional city and the preservation of historical heritage.

proposals emanating from Athens in 1964, is made in Venice International Charter on the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Historic Art Sets "in order to set the standards and conditions that each nation should establish the legislation based on their own culture to conserve and restore the buildings where high value noting that the principles should be proposed jointly by all members of ICOMOS. From this meeting until the meeting held in Mexico in 1999, the issue of cultural heritage has been modified in accordance with established local and international circumstances, definitions, criteria, typologies and concepts, always with the slogan of the obligation to safeguard the tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

Within the aspect of preservation, the decision to perform is subject to arguments that explain how to proceed based on the purpose for which you want to go. Hernández Sánchez proposes three criteria, identification, selection, definition, context and the intervention: The first is the recognition of the building as a cultural object through a diagnosis to clarify the evidential value of the built heritage and museum, the second emphasizes the value of the construction and representation of their meaning and the third is the need for a restoration "on the basis of issues such as reversibility, time stamp, integration, reform, and especially respect for their authenticity on building reliable or objects of an era. "

Below is No.1 in the table which sets out the indicators that make up the inventory sheet from the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). This list is organized based on the architectural, urban, technical, construction and social involvement that contains a building capable of being cataloged. Takes consider proposals and actions socialized in meetings related to the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage sponsored by institutions such as UNESCO, ICOMOS and National Committees. Table No. 1


BUILDING INVENTORY FORM OF CIVIL ARCHITECTURE
INHA.
1. NAME .
2. COUNTRY.
3. LOCATION. Location
.
geographical location.
Location map of the city. Accessibility
.
plan of the urban area.
environment. Location
political-administrative.
4. plot data.
4.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ON BUILDING. Character Group

individual or group

Building Owner or builder


Year completed Land Use

Number of people living conditions
Stylistic current
5. HISTORICAL DATA AND STEPS .
6. ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION .
building type.
constructive technical components.
Building Materials. Other items of interest

7. heritage features.
8. CONSERVATION . 8.1
LEGAL PROTECTION.
Urban Plan or director.
Environmental Protection.
Inventory.
Degree of protection of the building and the environment. Cataloging
.
Administration responsible. Condition
.
Authenticity.
integrity of the building. Main
extensions and transformations. Level of social involvement
population. Authenticity
environment. Integrity
environment.
aggression.
environmental degradation.
Proposed Action.
9. PHOTOS .

CASE STUDY, Poza Rica, VER .
The purpose of conducting the documentation of significant and historical buildings in the city of Poza Rica, se justifica por ser un enclave ubicado en una posición estratégica que permite la comunicación entre el norte y el sur del país y el enlace con el altiplano a 250 kms. aportando una economía regional y de desarrollo producto de las actividades inherentes a los sector industrial y terciario que apuntala la región norte del Estado de Veracruz. Poza Rica nace hace 83 años por la inmigración de trabajadores petroleros de áreas petroleras circundantes, después de 20 años, en 1951 por el incremento económico y poblacional adquiere el nombramiento de municipio. Actualmente cuenta con una población aproximada de 180,000 habitantes en una superficie de 6,400 hectáreas.

Con base a la temática que nos occupies, Poza Rica, grows under the path of the industrial city and belongs to the third level of human organization, industrial society, the growing space and are willing to base the natural order established by mining activity, the exploitation of oil. Urbanization and industrial-type building spreads along the paths that lead to the land where oil wells are located and related facilities. The dynamics of the oil activity generated by the installation of commercial and service sector, after then, the city and society begin to accept cultural change and ownership security product in its economy and private property, therefore arises the phenomenon of industrialization, Reissman (1972, p. 199) states "the massive social change" that causes where "... They are embedded a number of critical changes in education, family structure, the class structure in the political, the social values \u200b\u200band beliefs. "

As a result of the above and coupled with an economic power that determines the appearance of the middle class with different cultural and municipal finances secured, construction of urban facilities for different activities are performed according to architectural trends which ultimately provide an identity among residents the value of its form and expression and their historical significance is now necessary to catalog and thus preserve. Here are some representative examples. Examples

significant architecture in the city of Poza Rica.

Figure No. 1 Main entrance and bell tower of the Church of the Sacred Heart. This building presents a feature of this architecture, called "brisei soleil" which means "light side" refers to a variety of permanent sun. This technique is often used to avoid overheating during the summer.


Figure No. 2 Front of City Hall, describes the mural Paul O'Higgins. The civil administrative building is a trend of contemporary functionalism, of all the considerations of the project, emphasizing those that relate to the function over any purely aesthetic consideration. It therefore rejects the ornaments and considers that the composition of a building should express its only purpose.


Figure No.3 Social Theatre Facade of Section 30. Art Deco building trend popular design movement from 1920 to 1939 (whose influence extends to the 1950 in some countries), affecting the decorative arts such as architecture, interior design, graphic and industrial design, also to the visual arts such as fashion, painting, engraving , sculpture, and film.


Figure No.4 View Casino oil workers. Recreation building organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitat and the natural world. Through the design seeks to understand and integrate with the site, buildings, furnishings, and surroundings to become part of a unified composition.


Figure No.5 General Workshops: internal PEMEX. Building representative of Industrial Architecture. The effects of the industrial revolution were felt in all areas of contemporary life. Architecture as a discipline deeply affected by technology. The incorporation of new materials such as iron, involved a radical change in the appearance of architecture, making it necessary to extend the concept of architecture.




No.6 and 7 Figures Ruiz Cortínez Boulevard. Primary roads in the city, its urban layout takes on a trend created by Haussmann. The developer proposed in the eighteenth century in Paris, removing old, winding streets and large buildings demolished the road to integrate nature. Replaces them with wide boulevards with medians provided central landscaped walkways flanked by buildings of uniform height.

is to be observed that the examples described above meet the age requirement of 50 years or more as required by the laws and regulations of the State of Veracruz on Cultural Heritage. CONCLUSION

.
The preservation of tangible property to be a heritage of society, part of its urban development and provide part of the identity so necessary in this century is characterized by the lack of values, it is imperative the obligation of the authorities of the three levels of government our country in conjunction with citizen participation in the education sector preferably to promote more active and powerful programs for the conservation of tangible and intangible memory of our cities from a significant building that is also inhabited and have a life of performing a function to a strong tradition that enriches human life. Memory is a faculty of human beings to remember and act, is cause to live and the Scholastic is a power of soul. Eduardo Galeano relates the following: "I want a happiness that comes from memory and fight against it. From memory and experience and it is sore, that she is hurt, is hurt by it, but after she walks. Memory is not as anchor, but as a catapult, not the memory as a port of arrival, but as a port of departure ... That's the memory I believe. "

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Reissman, Leonard," The Urban Process "Ed Gustavo Gili, Barcelona, \u200b\u200b1972.
Aceves, Salvador, paper "The Protection and Management of the Built Heritage" Urban Image Workshop VI INAH, Mexico, 2009.
Donini, Antonio, lecture on "Intangible Heritage", VIII International Conference on Heritage and Building Conservation. Buenos Aires, 2006.
Maroevic, Ivo article "museality role in preserving memory." The International Committee for Museology of ICOM. Zagreb, 1997.
DECOLARIS, Nelly, "The value of heritage: between the tangible and intangible"
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GARR, Fabian, "urban architectural heritage, preservation and recovery: conceptual and instruments safeguard "2001 www.dibam.cl/dinamicas/DocAdjunto_34.pdf
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