Peña Blanca Molina Olivia
sociologist, professor and researcher at the Department of Political Science at the Autonomous University of Baja California Sur.
Qualitative research is defined: as a set of interpretive practices that is not tied to a particular theory or paradigm in particular, nor is it exclusive to one or another area of \u200b\u200bknowledge, nor has their own methods, but worth of the approaches, methods and techniques from different disciplines and theoretical perspectives, including ethnomethodology, phenomenology, feminism, psychoanalysis, cultural studies, critical theory, positivism and post-positivism and other (Martínez S. Carolina, 1996:36).
It follows, that is not possible to provide a more accurate view of the contradictions that arise between different paradigms, research styles and disciplines. However, some scholars point out as the newspaper blurred gender, years in which published two books, namely The interpretation of Cultures of Clifford Geertz (1973) and Local Knowiedge the same author .
According to Carolina Martinez, the approach he does in his works this author are designed to support the need for new methods of approach, more plural and interpretative to study the human representation of culture and meaning. As new ways of approaching the current subjectivity emerged as post-structuralism, positivism, neo-Marxism, deconstruction, among others, changing ways of communicating research findings to the test of the scientific paper, "and the rules of methods.
Why it qualitative studies?.
First qualitative studies are a methodological approach in the search for the meaning of social action (cf. Weber, P. Berger, T. Luckman, Goffman), part of the ontological assumption that reality is socially constructed and therefore not independent of people.
privilege the interpretation of the subjectivity of social actors and the outcome of social interaction that exists between them.
Serves primarily the reality has meant that social actors and the way these meanings are related to their attitudes and behaviors.
from the above assumptions we can deduce that:
a) the level of reality that is known is associated with subjective factors internal to individuals;
b) the subjective dimension of individuals opens a space of freedom where the most important is his conception of phenomena or situations studies;
c) seeks the establishment of laws, we speak of contingencies;
d) the social order is understood as the result of the sum of negotiations intersubjective
e) favors compression the causal explanation of phenomena;
f) requires a micro-level studies: development knowledge inductively,
g) the concepts should be flexible to grasp the multiplicity of meanings that the phenomena may represent individuals;
h) concepts must be sensitizers, indicated by where to look;
i) the collection of information does not constitute a different stage of the analysis process
j) interview informants which may have theoretical relevance;
k) you must know the cultural and historical context to interpret the information. (Roberto Castro, 1996).
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